ENGLISH ELECTRIC LIGHTING VS MIG-21 AND F-104: COLD WAR WARRIORS COMPARED
- Aviation Features
- English Electric Lighting vs MiG-21 and F-104: Cold War Warriors compared
13th October 2022
FEATURE
How did the Lightning compare with other fast jets in service at the time? The July 2014 issue of FlyPast provided this comparison
By the 1960s, the race was on to develop ever faster and more potent jet fighters. The perceived threats during the ‘Cold War’ meant that interceptors had to be fast enough to catch the increasingly powerful bombers and high-flying reconnaissance aircraft of potential opponents.
The
English Electric Lightning, famously described by one pilot as ‘like being saddled to a skyrocket’, was immensely powerful, stacking together two Rolls-Royce Avon turbojets within the fuselage in order to attain speeds in excess of Mach 2. The price for this speed was a lack of range, which was addressed in later variants by the addition of increased fuel capacity and/or overwing fuel tanks. Rarely used in anger, the Lightning nevertheless posed a significant deterrent, and could be scrambled rapidly from appropriately named Quick Reaction Alert ‘sheds’.
Another ‘winged rocket’, the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, could match and even exceed the top speed of the Lightning, but was initially let down by a poor safety record. With modifications, the type soldiered on until 2004 in the hands of the Italian Air Force, long after the Lightning had been retired from military use.
English Electric Lightning F.6 XS898 of RAF No.5 Squadron. PETE WEST-2014
The British aircraft’s most likely opponent, the
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Fishbed, was an exceptional machine, and an ideal platform for development. With well over 10,000 built (compared to fewer than 400 Lightnings), the delta-winged fighter was remarkably quick given its relatively small engine. The Sukhoi Su-7 was another Russian-built aircraft that pleased pilots with its rapid speed and docile handling characteristics. On the downside, it had only a small combat radius and required long runways to operate from.
The
McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II eventually came to serve as the primary air superiority fighter for both the USAF and the US Navy, and with good reason. Though not quite as fast as either the Lightning or Starfighter, it was versatile and very well armed. Over Vietnam, US Phantoms proved they were better than enemy MiG-17 and MiG-21 fighters, and its success can also be seen in the numbers of nations that operated it, among them the United Kingdom.
English Electric Lightning F.6
Construction: A total of 337 Lightnings were built, including 62 F.6 variants.
First Flight: The P.1 prototype WB760 first flew on August 4, 1954, in the hands of Roland Beamont.
Powerplant: Two 13,220lb (58.8kN) dry/16,300lb with afterburner Rolls-Royce Avon 301/302 turbojets.
Dimension: Span 34ft 10in (10.62m). Length 55ft 3in. Height 19ft 7in. Wing area 474sq ft (44.0m2).
Weight: Empty 31,000lb (14,062kg). Normal loaded 39,940lb. Maximum take-off weight 41,700lb.
Performance: Max speed 1,350mph (2,275km/h) at 36,000ft (10,973m). Max climb 50,000ft per minute. Service ceiling 57,000ft. Range 850 miles (1,370km) or 1,270 miles with ferry tanks.
Armament: Two 30mm cannon in forward ventral pack and provision to carry combinations of two Firestreak or Red Top missiles.
Crew: One.
Note: performance and weights varied according to role and configuration.
Lockheed F-104G Starfighter 21+32 of MFG2 (West German Navy). PETE WEST-2014
Lockheed F-104G Starfighter
Construction: Of the 2,422 Starfighters built, 1,122 were ’G models.
First Flight: The prototype made its first flight on March 4, 1954.
Powerplant: One 10,000lb (44.5kN) dry/15,600lb with afterburner General Electric J79-GE-11A turbojet.
Dimension: Span 21ft 11in (6.68m). Length 54ft 9in. Height 13ft 6in. Wing area 196sq ft (18.2m2).
Weight: Empty 13,966lb (6,335kg). Maximum take-off weight 29,034lb.
Performance: Max speed 1,450mph (2,334km/h) at 36,000ft (10,973m). Max climb 55,000ft per minute. Service ceiling 58,000ft. Range 774 miles (1,246km).
Armament: One 20mm six-barrel rotary cannon in lower forward fuselage, plus two wingtip, one fuselage and four underwing hardpoints for max 4,000lb (1,814kg) air-to-air or air-to-ground ordnance.
Crew: One.