I get what you’re saying, and I agree that people should be free to speak their own mother tongues. But I think this understates what a common language actually does for a country. I loved this quote(ironically first heard in metal gear solid V) from Emil Cioran:
It is no nation that we inhabit, but a language.
That’s why Urdu matters in Pakistan. It was meant to serve as a common civic language across provinces, not to erase Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, or any other regional language.
My disagreement is that Urdu has not really been allowed to develop in a serious, equal way. Pakistan ended up with an English dominant elite sphere and an Urdu medium public sphere, and that language split has overlapped with class and opportunity in ways that deepen inequality.
So the issue is not “force Urdu on everyone.” The issue is that if the state names Urdu as the national language but does not invest in high quality education, administration, and knowledge production through it, then Urdu becomes symbolic while English remains the real gatekeeper to power and mobility.
In that sense, the problem is not the existence of provincial languages which should absolutely thrive. The problem is that Pakistan never fully implemented Urdu in a way that democratized access, and that failure indirectly contributed to social fragmentation, class barriers, and exclusion at multiple levels.