I think they could. If they couldn’t then US navy ships would be in SoH sailing back and forth.
The issue is what would be the benefit? Creating a mass casualty naval event would not lead to an agreement. It would not lead to closure of SoH. It has many unknowns and Iran is afraid of escalation.
Thus if you are afraid of escalation of military casualties, you must go with economic escalation.
There are 10-15 ships doing STS transfers off the coast of UAE/Oman, how come Iran hasn’t attacked these vulnerable and defenseless ships? Why not attack the storage tanks that hold the fuel that is boarded on to the tankers? There is the UAE pipeline that is ferrying 2MBPD sitting out in the open and vulnerable. Why hasn’t that been attacked?
There are plenty of non military targets that can increase Iranian leverage, but it chooses not to go after them. The fact of matter is Iran is back in ‘strategic patience’ mode. While they may occasionally lash out with some symbolic attacks, do some military damage here or there, it is quite clear that Mojtaba is not a military leader or an aggressive fighter. He is following his father’s disastrous foreign policy.