On the second day, two MiG-29s and one of the Yak-130s, each armed with a pair of R-73E infrared guided short-range missile, left the 10th TFB and shot down three Karrar jet-engine target drones at extremely low altitudes (100 to 300ft). The MiG-29s also intercepted a pair of F-14As flown from the 9th TFB and engaged in a dogfight over the exercise area. A Boeing 707-3J9C (KC-707,) flown from the 1st TFB in Tehran, refuelled the Tomcats after their mission.
During the third day, an RF-4E of the 31st TRS deployed at the 9th TFB flew a mission over the exercise area. After returning to Bandar Abbas, its images were used for target selection by the 91st TFS. Subsequently, four F-4E Phantom IIs of the 91st TFS ‘Sharks’, acting as bombers of the ‘Orange Force’ supported by a KC-707 tanker, simulated bombing Blue Forces. Instead of live bombs, the F-4Es dropped water-filled and training (inert) Mark 82 iron bombs in two bombing passes. That day, Blue Forces also benefited from two F-4Ds of the 101st TFS (CCTS) for close air support (CAS). A Falcon 50EX Sayeh electronic warfare attack of the IRIAF’s 11th Falcon-Star Squadron was used to simulate a jamming environment for exercise participants that day.
Arrival of MiG-29UB 3-6306 of the IRIAF’s 11th TFS from Tehran at 10th TFB on February 22
Amir Mahboub
Air defence training
The fourth and final day of the exercise focused on anti-aircraft activities performed by multiple units of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defence Force (IRIADF) and the Islamic Republic of Iran Ground Force (IRIGF) using a series of short and medium-range air defence systems, as well as the interceptor variant of Karrar drones. Two F-14As flown from the 9th TFB as ‘Orange’ interceptors engaged in dissimilar air combat against a Mirage F1BQ of the 102nd TFS and a MiG-
29B of the 11th TFS flown from the 10th TFB acting as ‘Blue’ interceptors.
During the exercise, the IRIADF used a pair of Karrar-2drones to shoot down two target drones using infrared-guided short-range air-to-air missiles (IRSRAAMs), which were missiles of the Missagh-2(a licensed version of the Chinese QW-2Vanguard 2) Man Portable Air Defence System (MANPADS). The same missiles were launched by the Majid short-range air defence systems of the IRIGF at the exercise area to shoot down multiple target drones.
On the final day, an IRIADF 15th Khordad medium-range air defence battery shot down two Karrar target drones using Sayyad-3medium-range surface-to-air missiles. One drone was flying at an altitude of 28,000ft and was shot down within a distance of 120km from the SAM battery, while another was shot down at an altitude of 1,200ft and within a distance of 15km. Prior to this, a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) had been issued by the Iranian Civil Aviation Organisation declaring the airspace near
One of two IRIAF KC-707s which took part in the exercise landing at Mehrabad airport, Tehran, after refuelling several fighter jets in south of Iran on February 24
Ali Naderi
the exercise area a danger area to prevent harm to Iranian and non-Iranian civil and military aircraft.
The exercise concluded in the afternoon of February 25, and immediately, the redeployment of aircraft, air defence systems, and other equipment and weapons used by the exercise participants began.
The Iranian Navy also held a naval parade using all the vessels and submarines involved in the exercise. Despite the severe weather, the US Navy used a P-8A Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft flown from Sheikh Isa Air Base in Bahrain to monitor the Iranian Navy ships participating in the parade at the end of the exercise. afm
Only six aircraft are airworthy with the 102nd TFS in 10th TFB, four Mirage F1EQs and two Mirage F1BQs, including this one, 3-6405, which flew as an interceptor of ‘Blue Forces’ during the exercise and engaged in dogfight against F-14A Tomcats of ‘Orange Forces’
Ali Naderi
Iranian Navy Aviation assets
The Islamic Republic of Iran Navy Aviation (IRINA) participated in the exercise with eight helicopters, one fixed-wing aircraft, and several Ababil V armed drones. All helicopters were deployed to the IRINA’s Konarak Naval heliport, located in the southern part of the IRIAF’s 10th TFB. The helicopter contingent consisted of three Agusta Bell AB212ASVs from the 11th Anti-Surface Vessel (ASV) Squadron, four ASH-3D Sea King helicopters from the 12th Anti-Submarine Warfare Squadron, and one RH-53D Sea Stallion from the 13th Minesweeping Squadron. Additionally, a Fokker 27400M Troopship light transport aircraft, assigned to the IRINA’s 15th Transport Squadron, was deployed to the 10th TFB to take part in the exercise.
On the first day, the IRINA helicopters executed various missions, including the deployment of two Mark 46 torpedoes by two ASH-3D Sea Kings (8-2302 and 8-2303) against surface targets. The following day saw participants simulate a coastal assault/ offensive to liberate territory occupied by enemy forces. Four ASH-3D Sea Kings and two AB212ASVs took part in this operation. Notably, one of the AB212ASVs, serial number 6-2402, had recently been modernised by the Iranian Helicopter Support and Renewal Center (IHSRC) in Tehran. This upgrade included the installation of an Electro-Optical/Infrared (EO/IR) turret and two multifunction digital displays, significantly enhancing the aircraft’s capability for night operations. The coastal assault scenario featured the deployment of Tunb (IRIS 513) landing craft, which saw two modernised T-72 Karrar MBTs and two BMP-2IFVs were offloaded. Simultaneously, Iranian Marines were transported to the coastline aboard four ASH-3Ds and two AB212ASVs. Some marines performed fast-rope insertions at the coast, while one of the only two airworthy BH.7
Wellington-class medium-size hovercraft (104) was used for troop deployment. Marines disembarked from the hovercraft aboard all-terrain vehicles and motorcycles. In another phase of the operation, a group of marines conducted parachute jumps from an RH-53D (9-2704) and a Fokker 27-400M (52603) over the coastline, joining the ground forces. Following their insertion, these marines integrated with several rapid-response teams from the IRIGF, advancing towards the occupied territory in a simulated recapture operation conducted at night. During this phase, the IRIAA AH-1J Cobra helicopters performed CAS, engaging with their guns and rockets to assist in the ground operation. Prior to the marines’ insertion and the arrival of the T-72 MBTs and BMP-2IFVs from the IRIGF, Iranian Navy fast boats launched 107mm unguided rockets at the coast, neutralising enemy forces. Following the deployment of friendly forces, the RH-53D (9-2704) again flew over the coastline, conducting an airdrop of supplies for the troops already on the ground. The IRINA also deployed Ababil V armed drones, launched from its drone base at Konarak Naval Heliport, to perform ISR missions over the exercise area.
IRINA Fokker F27-400M (5-2603) was overhauled by the IRIAF for the Iranian Navy last year and because of that it was painted in white/blue colours instead of two-tone blue camouflage which was applied on the navy’s Fokker 27s since early-1990s. It is pictured during parachute jumping of the Marines over the exercise area on February 23, 2025
Anbar Moradi