Mesopotamia was Semitic (Arabs are Semites) so yes, this was an civilization that Arabs can claim. It was also native to the Arab world. More so than Pakistanis can claim the IVC which you have not even 1 written record from.
Dilmun and Magan alone in Eastern Arabia are of a similar age as neigbouring Sumer and predate the oldest civilization in modern-day Pakistan (IVC).
en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
Al-Magar in Southern KSA/borderlands of Najd and Hijaz.
en.wikipedia.org
And unlike with your IVC, all (almost all of them) of our previous native civilizations are a continuation of our Semitic past and ancestors. We can read ancient Mesopotamian, Arabian, Egyptian, Levantine scriptures, artifacts etc. the names of our forefathers were similar etc. It is all one big continuation. You cannot say the same about the IVC as you don't even have a IVC script (scripture itself was invented in the Arab world) let alone the language, traditions, names etc. of the people.
BTW, the IVC had close relations to civilizations in Arabia from Southern Iraq (Sumer) to Dilmun and Magan.