Mongols did a lot of damage no doubt. But in the end we managed to defeat them.
1. Khwarazmian Turks vs Mongols (1219–1221)
The Khwarazmian Empire was Turkic‑Persian in culture, ruled by the
Anushtegin Turkic dynasty.
They fought the Mongols in:
- Battle of Otrar (1219)
- Battle of Bukhara (1220)
- Battle of Samarkand (1220)
- Battle of Urgench (1221)
They were ultimately defeated, but they were the
first major Turkic power to resist the Mongols head‑on.
2. Kipchak Turks vs Mongols (1223)
The
Kipchak/Cuman Turks fought alongside the Rus’ principalities.
- Battle of the Kalka River (1223) They were defeated, but this was one of the earliest large‑scale Turkic engagements with
3. Seljuk Turks vs Mongols (1243–1256)
The
Seljuk Sultanate of Rum fought the Mongols in:
- Battle of Köse Dağ (1243) — Seljuks defeated
- Revolts 1256–1260 — Seljuk Turkic beyliks resisted Mongol rule
Although defeated, the Seljuks became semi‑autonomous under Mongol suzerainty and continued resisting through local beyliks.
4. Mamluk Sultanate (Turkic military elite) vs Mongols — the decisive defeats
This is the big one.
The Mamluk Sultanate was ruled by a Turkic military caste (Kipchak, Oghuz, Qipchaq, Circassian later).
They are the only medieval power to consistently defeat the Mongols.
Battle of Ain Jalut (1260)
First major Mongol defeat in open battle
Commanders: Qutuz and Baybars (both Turkic Mamluks)
Battle of Homs (1260)
Another Mamluk victory over Mongol forces
Battle of Elbistan (1277)
Mamluk victory under Baybars
Battle of Homs (1281)
Mamluks defeat Mongol‑Ilkhanid army again
Battle of Wadi al‑Khaznadar (1299)
Mongol victory, but temporary
Battle of Marj al‑Saffar (1303)
Final decisive Mamluk victory
Mongols never returned to Syria after this
The Mamluks are the reason the Mongols never conquered Egypt or Arabia.