Chinese scholars have recently made claims that the Batanes Islands belong to China

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The 1898 Treaty of Paris between the United States and Spain defined the northern boundary of the Philippines as the "20th parallel north." The Batanes Islands lie north of this line, with their starting latitude at approximately 20°17′ North.

According to Taiwanese academics, following Japan’s defeat and surrender in World War II, the US exercised administrative jurisdiction – but not sovereignty – over Batanes, meaning Washington transferred only administrative control over the islands to Manila upon Philippine independence in 1946.