All these different governments, including military Administration/governor rule were unable to tackle fundamentalism, extremism, terrorism. Military backed Fazlur Rehman also failed.
Military Administration & Governor's Rule
1999 – November 2002
Following General Pervez Musharraf's coup in October 1999, elected provincial assemblies were dissolved. The province was administered directly under military rule through appointed Governors (including Lt. Gen. Iftikhar Hussain Shah) until democratic elections returned.
MMA Alliance (Akram Khan Durrani)
November 2002 – October 2007
Akram Khan Durrani of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) was elected Chief Minister following the 2002 general elections. He led a government formed by the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA), a coalition of six major religious political parties that won a sweeping majority following anti-US sentiment during the regional post-9/11 period.
Caretaker Administration
October 2007 – March 2008
Shamsul Mulk served as Caretaker Chief Minister following the dissolution of the assembly to oversee the transition to general elections.
ANP-PPP Coalition (Ameer Haider Khan Hoti)
March 2008 – March 2013
Ameer Haider Khan Hoti of the Awami National Party (ANP) served as Chief Minister in a coalition with the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). During this term, the 18th Constitutional Amendment renamed the province from NWFP to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) in 2010.
Caretaker Administration
March 2013 – May 2013
Justice (R) Tariq Pervez Khan served as Caretaker Chief Minister during the national election cycle.
PTI First Term (Pervez Khattak)
May 2013 – June 2018
Pervez Khattak was elected Chief Minister, marking the beginning of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's (PTI) leadership in the province. PTI formed a coalition government following their victory in the 2013 general elections.
Caretaker Administration
June 2018 – August 2018
Justice (R) Dost Muhammad Khan served as Caretaker Chief Minister.
PTI Second Term (Mahmood Khan)
August 2018 – January 2023
Mahmood Khan (PTI) took office after the 2018 general elections, becoming the first Chief Minister from the Malakand division. His tenure oversaw the merger of the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) into KP. The assembly was dissolved early in January 2023.
Caretaker Administrations
January 2023 – March 2024
PTI-backed Government (Ali Amin Gandapur)
March 2024 – October 2025
Following the February 2024 elections, Ali Amin Gandapur was elected Chief Minister leading a PTI-backed administration.
PTI-backed Government (Sohail Afridi)
October 2025 – Present
Sohail Afridi (PTI) was elected Chief Minister by the provincial assembly following Ali Amin Gandapur's resignation in October 2025.