Iran had no say in negotiation? Iran had over 100 military points in Syria including many large bases (Imam Ali base for example). Does that sound like a country with no say?
When Israel complained to Russia about Iranian troops in Golan, Russia couldn’t convince Assad to have them withdraw.
Russian naval ships escorted Iranian energy tankers to Syria and Lebanon.
I followed the war closely since it started till it pretty much ended.
Assad won. And Iran went down in the history books as the first country in modern times to stop a Western led rebellion.
The issue again is Iran didn’t have funds to rebuild Syria. Neither did Russia. The only country that could have helped rebuild was China, but it showed no interest in Syria despite showing interest in Afghanistan. People through if Assad came back to power things would go back to pre-civil war, but they didnt. In the end it was people living in war like conditions without the actual war part that had society give up on him including his own alawite sect.
So naturally over time Assad’s corrupt SAA being to unravel from low pay and crippling inflation. The sanctions brought Assad down not the war. And Assad didn’t stab iran in the back he was a puppet in his end days who held power as long as his Baathist party didn’t sell him out. Which in the end they did.
Moral of the lesson is that the 20th and 21st century Arab governments are incompetent, as history has shown time and time again.