" Integrated electronic warfare (EW) systems have emerged as essential and effective assets that operate in the background of most military operations.
The rise of drones has led to the modernization of EW systems to such an extent that now most combat EW (CEW) systems retain a sub-C-UAS capability in addition to traditional jamming roles, such as those of communications.
Pakistan, which had often remained shy from adopting EW at a large scale, seems to be building upon a significant domestic capability to locally produce and use a large portfolio of integrated communications intelligence (COMINT) EW systems.
In the past, foreign original equipment manufacturers (OEM) – notably Rohde & Schwarz (R&S), Siemens (now under Hensoldt), and Elettronica Group (ELT) – dominated Pakistan’s EW landscape, the trend now appears to be shifting towards domestic EW solutions. Three domestic manufacturers are Pakistan’s EW drivers: the National Radio and Telecommunication Corporation (NRTC), the Defence Science and Technology Organization (DESTO), and the National Aerospace Science and Technology Park (NASTP).
National Radio and Telecommunication Corporation (NRTC)
Of NRTC’s publicly revealed EW capabilities, COMINT and SIGINT systems form the core of its offerings. These include the COMINT – i.e., electronic support measures (ESM) plus electronic countermeasures (ECM) system (ESM + ECM) – and a lighter mobile direction finding (DF) ESM system.
NRTC COMINT EW System
NRTC’s COMINT EW system is designed to detect, locate and jam communications falling across VHF, UHF, and SHF ranges located in a congested radio frequency (RF) environment. The system adopts purpose-built antennas that enable it to pick up weak signals. The system is split into ESM, ECM and command-and control (C2) vehicles. The system has communications link range of 30 km.
The C2 vehicle part of the COMINT EW system creates a ‘Communication Order of Battle’ using data collected from various DF sensors and acts as higher-level node for ECM and ESM sub-systems. The C2 system also has an inbuilt geo-fencing ability when linked with geographic information system (GIS) platforms.
PAF efforts to enhance its ground-based electronic warfare (EW) capabilities have progressed significantly over the past three years.

C-EW program is among the PAF’s flagship initiatives. With it, the PAF is aiming to develop a locally matured communications intelligence (COMINT) EW system (EWS).
At the 2024 International Defence Exhibition and Seminar (IDEAS 2024), the PAF’s National Aerospace Science and Technology Park (NASTP) showcased what appeared to be a significantly upgraded variant of a previous land-based C-EW system.
The original system was heavily reliant on technology developed by Defence Science and Technology Organization (DESTO), with the main difference being the integration of a trailer-mounted advanced multi-band jammer
The new upgraded system not only retains the original electronic support measures (ESM) system’s passive detection and direction-finding module (mounted on an Isuzu 6×6 platform) but it also adds two new and distinct electronic countermeasure (ECM) jammers, designated EA-I and EA-II. These jammers feature multi-band arrays (mounted on Isuzu 4×4 trucks), thereby eliminating the need for trailers.
The 4×4 ECM trucks are self-sufficient, equipped with onboard power generation systems, thus enhancing their operational flexibility. While detailed specifications regarding the range of the system remain undisclosed, it is likely designed as a mid-range EWS solution.
upgraded C-EW system is mainly designed to target and jam three types of critical communication signals
- Data-link exchanges between airborne aircraft.
- Data-links between airborne platforms and ground-based command-and-control (C2) or ground exploitation states (GES), such as RecceLite GES.
- GPS/GNSS signals, effectively denying positioning and navigation capabilities to airborne assets, such as drones and, potentially, stand-off range weapons (SOW)."
QUWA