Pakistan: The Archaeological Marvel

Mohenjo Daro, a nearly 5,000-year-old city of the Indus civilization in present-day Pakistan, is defined by its advanced water systems—rather than grand palaces or temples. Yet despite these everyday insights, it remains one of history’s greatest enigmas, with no clear rulers, no deciphered language, and no definitive story of its decline.
 
Nearly 5,000 years ago, Pakistan’s ancient city of Mohenjo Daro was built. Today, award-winning filmmakers Haya Fatima Iqbal and Nadir Siddiqui have charted this jewel of the Indus Valley Civilization from above—and they’re taking National Geographic readers along for the journey.

I have not been to Pakistan since the early 80's but when I do get around to it, this place is #1 on my bucket list for when I make it over there.
 
A screen grab from a video I made when I was at the National Museum of Pakistan in Karachi during my 2019 trip to Pakistan. I was vaguely aware of the rich ancient heritage of Pakistan but I was blown away by the artifacts in the museum: Looking at literally 5000+ old coins and statues and figurines and so much more.
I don't know what this screen grab shows but it was outside the Museum:

1779450324466.png
 
Mohenjo Daro, a nearly 5,000-year-old city of the Indus civilization in present-day Pakistan, is defined by its advanced water systems—rather than grand palaces or temples. Yet despite these everyday insights, it remains one of history’s greatest enigmas, with no clear rulers, no deciphered language, and no definitive story of its decline.

@Fatman17 - thankyou for posting the national Geographic links - *** Fantastic to read *** with my lunch !!!
 
btw - disappointed that India holds the dancing girl even though it was excavated in Pakistan. Appreciate it got caught with the partition but there is no logical basis on which India can lay claim to anything from the Indus Valley Civilization, and all artifacts excavated in Pakistan should be returned to Pakistan without exception.

 
btw - disappointed that India holds the dancing girl even though it was excavated in Pakistan. Appreciate it got caught with the partition but there is no logical basis on which India can lay claim to anything from the Indus Valley Civilization, and all artifacts excavated in Pakistan should be returned to Pakistan without exception.

Excellent post. An agency should be set up by the government to tackle this precise issue.

If excavated in coterminous Pakistan, it belongs to Pakistan. "British India" is a colonial construct.
 
If you want to see how gangus obsess over Pakistan then read replies.

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Look how poorly kept that sign is.

They need to work on the infrastructure around their historical sites and make them easily accessible.

In Malta they had giant gazebos and fans so people didn't have to walk around under the sun. Each section was labelled with details so you could understand what it is you're looking at.
 
Look how poorly kept that sign is.

They need to work on the infrastructure around their historical sites and make them easily accessible.

In Malta they had giant gazebos and fans so people didn't have to walk around under the sun. Each section was labelled with details so you could understand what it is you're looking at.

Good news, Punjab govt working on it. The Punjab government has recently launched an ambitious project aimed at transforming the ancient ruins of Taxila into an "International Heritage City."

Rs3.97bn project launched to preserve Taxila’s cultural heritage

Amjad Iqbal Published April 4, 2026

Workers preserve ancient stupa in Mohara Maradu Buddhist monastery. — Dawn
TAXILA: The Punjab Department of Archaeology and Museums is set to execute a Rs3,972.617 million project to safeguard and elevate Taxila’s ancient heritage.

The project is slated to be completed by 2028.

Briefing the media at Taxila Museum on Friday, Deputy Director Archaeology Asim Dogar said the three-year project named “Preservation, Restoration, Improvement, Management and Upgradation of World Heritage Site, Taxila” would focus on conservation, tourism development, and community engagement across the historic region.

He said the initiative seeks to conserve and protect key archaeological sites and invaluable museum collections, while simultaneously upgrading visitor facilities to promote sustainable tourism.


“As part of a broader vision to establish Taxila as a ‘heritage zone’, peripheral sites including Mankiala Stupa, Giri Fort, Sirkap, Dharmarajika Stupa, Bhir Mound, Mohra Muradu and Bhallar Tope will be integrated into a cohesive regional tourism network,” he added.

“The project will also incorporate prominent ancient sites, linking them through improved access and visitor services,” he said.

Highlighting key developments, Mr Dogar said a grand gateway to Taxila would be constructed on Museum Road, adorned with narratives from the life of Buddha, offering visitors a symbolic and immersive entry into the historic valley.

He further announced that two new galleries would be established in the next fiscal year at Taxila Museum, featuring around 40 additional showcases to display antiquities unearthed over the past two decades.

He said that the Taxila Museum reserve houses unique and rare antiquities, especially Buddha statues discovered during various excavations by Pakistani and international archaeologists at different sites. These rare artefacts, many of which are of religious significance, remain hidden from the world and will be showcased in the newly established galleries, which would help attract more researchers, scholars and religious tourists.

He added that, in a bid to enhance the tourist experience, 14 thematic parks will be developed across the Taxila valley, incorporating replicas of Gandhara-era art and Buddha sculptures, turning the region into an open cultural landscape.

The deputy director also revealed that special conservation plans have been devised to preserve Taxila’s rare black stone art, which faces the threat of gradual extinction.

To support local livelihoods, an art and craft bazaar will be established along Museum Road, stretching from Taxila Museum to the Mohra Muradu ancient Buddhist site, aimed at promoting indigenous handicrafts and engaging local communities in heritage-based economic activity.

Emphasising the broader impact, Mr Dogar said the project would not only protect Pakistan’s rich archaeological legacy but also boost international recognition of Taxila’s historical significance and create sustainable economic opportunities through tourism.

“This initiative is a step towards reconnecting the world with the ancient civilisation of Taxila while empowering local communities,” he added.

Published in Dawn, April 4th, 2026
 

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