Regarding the downing of a Russian jet in 2015:
“But the truth is that there was deep disagreement within the alliance,” he writes.
“Turkey received support from the Eastern European countries in its demand that Nato should unconditionally support the Turkish actions, and they believed that the border violation should be followed up with the deployment of more air defenses, more aircraft and more batteries of Patriot missiles along the border with Syria.”
But the Norwegian notes that France and Italy were opposed to explicitly supporting Turkey.
“The Germans were not against support, but at the same time wanted to be more nuanced. They argued that it was one thing to condemn the border violation, quite another to justify a shooting down because of a violation that lasted 17 seconds.”
In response, Russia deployed S-400 air defence systems to Syria and sent its flagship, Moskva, to the Syrian coast.
Former Nato chief Jens Stoltenberg has written a memoir chronicling disputes over Syria, Sweden and Russia
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