Will drones replace human agents in Chinese military missions within 10 years?

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Will drones replace human agents in Chinese military missions within 10 years?
Chinese military plans to replace human agents with machines in special operations overseas
Unlike in the fictional world of James Bond, in real life, dangerous military operations carry high risks for special forces
Scientists have been working with the PLA to develop a drone that can complete these missions without putting agents in danger


Published: 6:00am, 5 Feb, 2024

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It is a perilous assignment: slip in unseen, strike hard and slip away again – all without a trace. Such special forces missions are the stuff of James Bond movies, but in the real world they are considerably more challenging to execute.

No matter how exceptional real agents are, they struggle to achieve the invincibility portrayed by 007. And should they fall into enemy hands, it could spell trouble for military planners.

That is why, in the bustling city of Chengdu in southwest China, a unit of the People’s Liberation Army said it has been working closely with a team of scientists to develop drones that will be able to replace humans in complex overseas missions within the next 10 years.

Their unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can fly vast distances, dive deep underwater and lie in wait for long periods of time. At a command, it can spring from the water, race towards its target and then return unseen beneath the waves after delivering its fatal blow.

The Chinese government has always been vocal about its policy of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries, and the Chinese military is notoriously secretive about its operations overseas.

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But in a recent paper published in the Fire Control & Command Control journal, the PLA’s 78092 unit, which is involved in this project, revealed some details about a future hypothetical overseas special operations plan.

Chinese military unveils a plan to replace human special ops agents with drones for secret missions. Photo: PLA Unit 78092
They argued that disclosing this theoretical plan would help Chinese companies, engineers and scientists who are researching and developing new UAVs to better understand the military’s needs and strategic goals.

The operation was set in the year 2035, when a small-scale conflict erupts between China and a neighbouring country. To keep costs down and avoid escalating the conflict, both sides agree to limit their equipment to small arms, including small boats, drones and anti-aircraft guns.

The paper does not name the other country, but it does mention a river that runs along the border between the two, with an average depth of 30 metres (98 feet) and a maximum depth of 40 metres. China shares many such rivers with its neighbours, including the vast and deep Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) River, which flows from Tibet into India.

In the scenario, the Chinese military is tasked with a special mission: to strike swiftly and silently at key enemy installations deep behind the lines. Their target, a critical command and supply hub for the opposing forces, lies hidden along a river, some 40km from the front.

For this operation, the Chinese military chooses to employ only drones, but they have some tall demands, according to the researchers.

These drones, purpose-built for special operations, must be capable of operating both alone and in coordinated swarms. They must be able to navigate the river’s depths, avoiding detection while launching torpedoes at enemy patrol boats.

To remain unseen, they must stay close to the riverbed, staying submerged for long periods and navigating obstacles such as reefs with ease. Once they surface, they must be able to fly at extremely low altitudes, making quick, evasive manoeuvres to avoid enemy fire.

And as they approach their targets, these drones must be able to engage beyond visual range, striking with precision and then disengaging without further human intervention.

Their advanced intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) systems must allow them to hover over the battlefield after the initial attack, assessing the damage and determining whether further action is required.

If enemy forces attempt to flee, these drones must be capable of pursuing and eliminating them, ensuring a complete victory before returning to Chinese territory.

The PLA team said that the development model for this new UAV drew inspiration from the US military’s approach. China has the world’s largest and most technologically advanced civilian UAV factories, but unlike the US, most Chinese civilian UAV suppliers have not entered the military market.

The Chinese military is embarking on an ambitious plan to initiate an arms race in the UAV domain, aiming to overwhelm competitors with vast numerical superiority, cutting-edge technology and cost advantages, thus pushing them into financial crises.

According to the 78092 unit, the special ops drone project has already landed, and more innovative equipment is on the horizon as China races to meet its growing defence needs.
 

China: PLA'S strategic plan for autonomous military operations​

 
If China can manufacture 3 million combat robotic soldiers, it will save a lot of human lives in future wars. China's unrivaled industrial and manufacturing capacity can certainly meet this demand.
 

China leaks a blueprint for drone war dominance

People’s Liberation Army working to develop drones for overseas special operations in apparent anticipation of a 2035 conflict
By GABRIEL HONRADAFEBRUARY 7, 2024

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China is apparently preparing for a drone-driven 2035 conflict. Image: Asia Times Files / iStock

China has revealed an ambitious plan to transform its military operations through the integration of more advanced unmanned systems, a strategic shift toward drone-led special operations in war scenarios including a potential conflict with the US over Taiwan.

The South China Morning Post (SCMP) reported this month that China’s military plans to replace humans with machines in special operations overseas to mitigate the high risks of such missions.

Scientists are working with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) to develop unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) capable of flying vast distances, diving deep underwater and lying in wait for long periods, the SCMP report said.

The PLA’s 78092 unit has revealed details about a hypothetical overseas special operations plan published in the Fire Control & Command Control journal, aiming to help Chinese companies, engineers and scientists better understand the military’s needs and strategic goals.

The PLA’s plan says the hypothetical operation is set in 2035 when a small-scale conflict between China and an unnamed neighboring country occurs, with the caveat that both sides agree to limit their equipment to small arms including small boats, drones and anti-aircraft guns.

In that 2035 scenario, the PLA is tasked with striking swiftly and silently at key enemy installations including critical command and supply hubs deep behind enemy lines.

The UAVs purpose-built for special operations must be capable of operating both alone and in coordinated swarms, flying at extremely low altitudes, navigating obstacles, engaging beyond visual range and pursuing and eliminating enemy forces, the SCMP report said.

It notes that advanced intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) systems must also allow them to hover over the battlefield after an initial attack, assess the damage and determine whether further action is required. The PLA team took inspiration from US military tactics, the report said.


China has been relatively opaque about how it envisions using drones in a potential regional conflict so the Fire Control & Command Control journal article offers a rare glimpse of its drone warfare ambitions and intentions.

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China’s CH-4 is among its more advanced drones. Image: Facebook Screengrab

In an October 2023 article for the China Aerospace Studies Institute, Emilie Stewart notes that President Xi Jinping, the Chinese defense apparatus and the PLA have stated very little publicly about China’s drone swarm technology, strategy, research and development and how it would potentially use the systems in a conflict.

Stewart points out that most Chinese articles broadly describe drone swarms but do not mention any unique Chinese characteristics that would set the research apart from other drone scholars.

Stewart notes that in those articles drone swarms are defined similarly to the US Air Force definition while emphasizing the broad need for networking connectivity and autonomy.

Stewart also points out that most of those articles feature commentary on US drone swarm capabilities and bombastic reports of China’s capabilities which she says lack substance, meaning China’s reports of its drone capabilities should be taken with a grain of salt.

Nevertheless, China’s drone development may be following two trends. The first, pioneered by the US, focuses on developing long-range, high-end UAVs for strategic reconnaissance and precision strikes far from friendly territories.

US drones developed according to this philosophy include the MQ-9 Reaper and RQ-4 Global Hawk, both relatively expensive systems that are not considered expendable except under certain circumstances. In line with that trend, China has been using drones designed according to that philosophy in the East China Sea.

In a June 2020 article for the International Journal of China Studies, Wonjune Hwang states that China’s advanced UAVs, such as the CH-family of drones, are a perfect fit for maintaining maritime situation awareness and ISR, with such drones probably becoming the PLA Navy’s (PLA-N) most valuable assets in ongoing and future maritime disputes.

Hwang also says that China’s UAVs may become strategic weapons, with their range and heavy weapons payload making them ideal for implementing an anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) strategy.

The second trend in drone development, spurred on by the ongoing Ukraine war, involves mass-producing cheap, expendable, tactical drones using commercial dual-use technology, the polar opposite of the previous trend of developing high-end, expensive drones. This trend is more apparent in China’s drone use in the Himalayas vis-à-vis India.

In a July 2023 report by the Foundation for Strategic Research, Antoine Bondaz and Simon Berthault note that, alongside advanced UAVs such as the CH-4, China has been using smaller tactical UAVs for logistical transport, border surveillance, combat damage assessment, artillery observation, sniper support, mine clearance, search and rescue, and communication support in the Himalayas.

Bondaz and Berthault note that China’s most prevalent drones in the Himalayas are commercial, showing China’s distinctive civil-military integration strategy.

However, as the SCMP report implies, the future of China’s drone development for short, sharp and covert wars may also cover unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) and unmanned surface vessels (USV).

In April 2020, Janes reported that the Sharp Claw I UGV had entered service in the PLA. Janes notes that the Sharp Claw I weighs 120 kilos, is 60 centimeters high, has a 1-kilometer operational range, is armed with a 7.62 mm machine gun and can be carried in the larger Sharp Claw II UGV.

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The Sharp Claw I in action. Image: CCTV screengrab

In March 2022, Janes reported that the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) revealed a prototype of an unmanned combat surface vehicle (UCSV) weighing 340 tons at the World Defense Show 2022 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

The report says the UCSV measures 58 meters in length, 18.1 meters in overall width and has a middle deck of 6.2 meters. Per Janes, USCV’s maximum speed is 42 knots and it can travel up to 4,000 nautical miles.

It also says that the UCSV has a front remote weapon station for a 20mm or 30mm cannon with a pair of missiles, the main bridge has an 8-cell vertical launching system (VLS) for surface-to-air (SAM) missiles and the port and starboard sides have lightweight torpedo tube launchers.

While China may be somewhat opaque about its drone development trajectory, the PLA without a doubt recognizes that future conflicts will be increasingly drone-driven and drone-decided.

 
It's everyone's dream that future wars won't have human casualties, only casualties of machines.
 

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