A lot of this discussion about an attack on a US aircraft carrier are based on speculation, hope, or pure fantasy. You're hoping the carrier will be within range of IRI defenses while ignoring when it comes to aerial refueling capability, the US is the best in the business. The carrier can simply remain out of range yet the strike package(s) can be refueled all the way in to the target and back
You also seem to be ignoring the level of support that will accompany any US strike on Iran. Satellite reconnaissance has likely tripled in addition to all other intel methods. Any moves to send surface craft out to intercept the CSG will be quickly repulsed.
If Iranian defenses have improved that much since the strikes on Estafan and other nuclear site, then hats off. I'm just a little skeptical, that's all.
Now, regarding Israel. Sure, Iran has already proven it can overwhelm Israeli defenses. In spite of what another member here has stated, 85-90% success rate at stopping in-bound missiles is not good enough. It's that 10% that inflicted considerable damage on Israel. Now consider if the target selection was different; military areas instead of infrastructure.