The purpose of the huge debt spending was to make sure China did not catch the US in GDP.
COVID spending. Tech spending.
Centuries ago, it was the English doing fractional reserve invention of fake gold/paper, backed by limited reserves of real gold. This allowed the British to fight wars against rivals and out last them and out spend them. WWI broke the UK. Then it was fiat to replace gold standard. Endless printing of debt money to expand the economy. The dollar empire. China is catching the US... spend more. The US does not care, the US wants to go to crypto. t