All of these engines are chemical engines. They convert the energy generated by the chemical reaction of fuel into propulsion.
Turbojets offer excellent high-speed performance, but poor low-speed performance. Furthermore, their fuel conversion efficiency is low.
The turbofan engine is essentially an upgraded version of the turbojet engine.
It consumes very little fuel at low speeds, but its high-speed performance is inferior to that of a turbojet. However, engineers have designed afterburners for it. When the turbofan engine is in afterburner, its high-speed performance is even better than that of a turbojet.
Turbojets are simple in structure and low in cost. Therefore, they still have a wide range of applications in certain areas, such as expendable high-speed drones and missiles. Modern manned fighter jets are essentially all powered by turbofan engines.
As for the next generation of fighter jets, there are currently no clear standards.