India Economy Thread


Three reasons why India is overly dependent on China for lithium​

09 June, 2026 03:14 pm IST

If you go by the relentless stream of headline events and claims, India under the Narendra Modi government seems all set to become self-sufficient in lithium-ion batteries, breaking free of China’s shackles and taking its rightful place in the battery-electric-vehicle revolution. But the reality is so underwhelming you’d be justified in reaching for a lithium pill to ward off depression.

The Productivity Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, aimed at making India Atmanirbhar in advanced battery storage, has achieved less than 3 per cent of its target after five years, according to a study. In part, the gap exists because a chunk of the money was allotted to a gold exporter tainted by an alleged scam, rather than an actual battery maker. There have been zero bidders for the supposedly record-breaking lithium deposit found in Jammu and Kashmir, and no evident benefits from a slew of international agreements signed with fanfare by the Modi government.

The result: India’s lithium-ion battery imports jumped 57 per cent to $4.7 billion in 2025-26, most of it from China. The dependency increased ninefold since 2018, and it is only going to grow.

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