Indian Politics and Internal News

[culivert]

The Supreme Court on Monday upheld the 2019 Presidential Order scrapping the special status granted by way of Article 370 of the Constitution to the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir.

A five-judge Constitution Bench presided by Chief Justice of India D Y Chandrachud said, “The exercise of power by the President under Article 370(1)(d) to issue CO 272 is not mala fide. The President in exercise of power under Article 370(3) can unilaterally issue a notification that Article 370 ceases to exist”.

“The President did not have to secure the concurrence of the Government of the State or Union Government acting on behalf of the State Government under the second proviso to Article 370(1)(d) while applying all the provisions of the Constitution to Jammu and Kashmir because such an exercise of power has the same effect as an exercise of power under Article 370(3) for which the concurrence or collaboration with the State Government was not required,” added the bench.


The Indian Express Article Link

 

[Guru Dutt]

abhee to party shurru hui hai but it was funny to see Imran khan wanting for restoration of art 370 as the key demand for restoration of dailog with india as if indians were dying for a dailog with a nation like pakistan

 

[Waz]

Politics section please. Not in the Indian defence forum.

 

[ST1976]

The category of newly industrialized country (NIC), newly industrialized economy (NIE)[1] or middle income country[2] is a socioeconomic classification applied to several countries around the world by political scientists and economists. They represent a subset of developing countries whose economic growth is much higher than other developing countries; and where the social consequences of industrialization, such as urbanization, are reorganizing society.

Definition[edit]​

NICs are countries whose economies have not yet reached a developed country's status but have, in a macroeconomic sense, outpaced their developing counterparts. Such countries are still considered developing nations and only differ from other developing nations in the rate at which an NIC's growth is much higher over a shorter allotted time period compared to other developing nations.[3] Another characterization of NICs is that of countries undergoing rapid economic growth (usually export-oriented).[4] Incipient or ongoing industrialization is an important indicator of an NIC.

Characteristics of newly industrialized countries[edit]​

Newly industrialized countries can bring about an increase of stabilization in a country's social and economic status, allowing the people living in these nations to begin to experience better living conditions and better lifestyles. Another characteristic that appears in newly industrialized countries is the further development in government structures, such as democracy, the rule of law, and less corruption. Other such examples of a better lifestyle people living in such countries can experience are better transportation, electricity, and better access to water, compared to other developing countries and low infant mortality rate.

Historical context[edit]​

The term came into use around 1970, when the Four Asian Tigers[5] of Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea rose to become globally competitive in science, technological innovation and economic prosperity as well as NICs in the 1970s and 1980s, with exceptionally fast industrial growth since the 1960s; all four countries having since graduated into high-tech industrialized developed countries with wealthy high-income economies. There is a clear distinction between these countries and the countries now considered NICs. In particular, the combination of an open political process, high GNI per capita, and a thriving, export-oriented economic policy has shown that these East Asian economic tiger countries have roughly come to a match with developed countries as those of Western Europe as well Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and the United States.

All four countries are classified as high-income economies by the World Bank and developed countries by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). All of the Four Asian Tigers, like Western European countries, have a Human Development Index considered "very high" by the United Nations.

Current[edit]​

The table below presents the list of countries consistently considered NICs by different authors and experts.[6][7][8][9] Turkey and South Africa were classified among the world's 34 developed countries (DCs) by the CIA World Factbook in 2008.[1] Turkey became a founding member of the OECD in 1961 and Mexico joined in 1994. The G8+5 group is composed of the original G8 members in addition to China, India, Mexico, South Africa and Brazil. The members of the G20 include Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey.

Country	Region	GDP (nominal) (Millions of USD, 2023 IMF)[10]	GDP per capita (nominal) (USD, 2023 IMF)[10]	GDP (PPP) (Millions of current Int$, 2023 IMF)[10]	GDP per capita (PPP) (current Int$, 2023 IMF)[10]	Income inequality (GINI) 2011–19[11][12][13]	Human Development Index (HDI, 2021)[14]	hide Real GDP growth rate as of 2022[15]
South Africa	Africa	399,015	6,485	990,030	16,091	64 (2018)	0.713 (high)	1.1
Brazil	Latin America	2,081,235	9,673	4,020,381	18,686	44.9 (2019)	0.754 (high)	1.0
Mexico	1,663,164	12,674	3,125,902	23,820	41.8 (2019)	0.758 (high)	1.2
China	Asia-Pacific	19,373,586	13,721	33,014,998	23,382	38.5 (2016)	0.768 (high)	4.4
India	3,732,882	3,057	13,12,443	10,475	35.3 (2018)	0.633 (medium)	6.4
Philippines	440,901	3,905	1,289,281	11,420	42.3 (2019)	0.699 (medium)	5.7
Malaysia	447,026	13,382	1,230,823	36,847	41.1 (2019)	0.803 (very high)	4.4
Indonesia	1,391,778	5,017	4,398,729	15,855	38.2 (2018)	0.705 (high)	5.0
Thailand	574,231	8,182	1,591,402	22,675	34.9 (2019)	0.800 (very high)	3.7
Turkey	Eurasia	1,029,303	11,932	3,572,551	41,412	41.9 (2019)	0.838 (very high)	3.0

Newly industrialized country - Wikipedia​

en.wikipedia.org

Newly industrialized country - Wikipedia​

en.wikipedia.org

 

[ST1976]

Newly Industrialized Countries 2023​

The word industrialized refers to a region that has developed industries. This includes tech enterprises, manufacturing, and other industries that bolster the economic activity of the region.Another term related to industrialization is Newly Industrialized Country, or NIC. This is a term that was created by economists and political scientists to describe countries with economic development that falls between the classifications of First World and developing. Countries that are classified as NICs have rapid export-driven economic growth and a migration of workers from rural areas to urbanized regions.

There are a handful of nations that are currently categorized as NICs. These nations are Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, and Turkey. Most economists and political scientists believe that these are NICs. However, there are a few other nations that are up for debate, including Argentina, Russia, Chile, Sri Lanka, and Egypt.

Newly Industrialized Countries 2023

Newly Industrialized Countries 2023

 

[ST1976]

List of current emerging markets​

There is no generally binding definition of the term "emerging market." It refers to countries that, based on their economic performance, can be classified as developing countries as well as industrialized countries. The term "emerging market country" is best described as "newly industrialized country."

Currently, 10 countries belong to this classification, most of which are located in southern and eastern Asia. The largest economies among them currently are China, India and Brazil. In total, these 10 countries have 3.84 billion inhabitants, which is about 48.09 percent of the world's population.

Country	Population	GNI per capita	Human Development Index	Human Asset Index
Brazil	215.3 M	8,140 USD	0.754	95.9
China	1,425.7 M	12,850 USD	0.768	95.7
India	1,425.8 M	2,380 USD	0.633	74.3
Indonesia	275.5 M	4,580 USD	0.705	83.3
Malaysia	33.9 M	11,780 USD	0.803	89.5
Mexico	127.5 M	10,410 USD	0.758	94.9
Philippines	115.6 M	3,950 USD	0.699	84.3
South Africa	59.9 M	6,780 USD	0.713	86.2
Thailand	71.7 M	7,230 USD	0.800	94.0
Turkey	85.3 M	10,590 USD	0.838	97.1

List of newly industrialized countries​

List of all 10 countries that are currently counted among the newly industrialized economies

www.worlddata.info

 

[ST1976]

Newly Industrialized Country (NIC)​

A subcategory of countries that are still developing but show greater economic growth

The term newly industrialized country (NIC) refers to a subcategory of countries that are still developing but show greater economic growth compared to other developing countries. The NIC countries are continuously evolving and growing through industrialization and urbanization.

Summary​

• The term newly industrialized country (NIC) refers to a subcategory of countries that are still developing but show greater economic growth compared to other developing countries.
• The NIC concept became widely recognized in the 1970s. During these years, Asian countries – also known as the “Four Asian Tigers” – Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan dominated in terms of economic prosperity and technological innovation.
• NICs typically aim to export their production to other developing countries. This ability is due to comparatively lower input costs such as labor costs.
  

  Brief History and Background of NICs​

  The NIC concept became widely recognized in the 1970s. During the period, Asian countries – also known as the “Four Asian Tigers” – Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan, dominated in economic prosperity and technological innovation. The four countries showed great industrial growth since the 1960s and are now industrialized countries with high-income economies.
  
  The “Asian Tigers” and countries that are now considered NICs show clear dissimilarities that can be attributed to a mixture of a high gross national income per capita, sound export-oriented economic policies, and transparent political processes.
  
  

  Characteristics of NICs​

  NICs typically receive investment capital from foreign developed countries. The capital is attracted to the country’s comparatively lower labor costs, land, or other inputs. It is largely invested in establishing production facilities for speedy productivity growth and industrialization.
  
  NICs tend to achieve a large sum of capital and investments. It is mainly financed from a high inclination to export machinery, consumables, and domestic savings. NICs typically experience speedy productivity growth and industrialization.
  
  
  
• Governments of NICs tend to control their industrialization and encourage manufacturing industries to export their products. Profits generated through exports are normally reinvested into the domestic economy.
  
  The practice brings great socio-economic benefits, including the growth of businesses and an increase in salaries and wages. The increment in salaries and wages encourages consumer spending, and the workforce can support local businesses for goods and services. It is known as the multiplier effect.

• Contributors for Growth in NICs​

  Below are some of the contributors to the growth seen in NICs:
  
  

  1. Government intervention​

  A majority of NIC economies are subject to the government’s intervention to encourage overall development or the development of specific industries through policy interventions. The policy interventions included subsidizing weak industries, maintaining ceilings on lending rates, making public investments, etc.
  
  

  2. Circumstantial “head-starts”​

  Some countries enjoy a head-start advantage, such as a better-educated workforce.
  
  

  3. Financial repression​

  By keeping interest rates low to lessen the cost of borrowing for companies, NICs subsidize corporations by letting savers earn interest rates lower than the inflation rate.
  
  

• 4. Population​

  Typically, population growth rates in NICs are declining, in comparison to other developing countries.
  
  

  Countries that can be Categorized as NICs​

  The category of “newly industrialized country” is not completely agreed upon; thus, many on a list can easily be disputed. However, many experts deem the following countries as NICs: Thailand, Mexico, South Africa, Brazil, Singapore, Turkey, Taiwan, India, and Hong Kong.
• 
  

• Newly Industrialized Country (NIC)​

  The term newly industrialized country (NIC) refers to a subcategory of countries that are still developing but show greater economic growth
• https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/newly-industrialized-country-nic/

 

[ST1976]

A map of all the developed, newly industrialized, developing, and least developed countries according to the IMF and the UN.​

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[ST1976]

List of states with nuclear weapons​

Eight sovereign states have publicly announced successful detonation of nuclear weapons.[1] Five are considered to be nuclear-weapon states (NWS) under the terms of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). In order of acquisition of nuclear weapons, these are the United States, Russia (the successor of the former Soviet Union), the United Kingdom, France, and China. Of these, the three NATO members, the UK, US, and France, are sometimes termed the P3.[2]
Other states that possess nuclear weapons are India, Pakistan, and North Korea. Since the NPT entered into force in 1970, these three states were not parties to the Treaty and have conducted overt nuclear tests. North Korea had been a party to the NPT but withdrew in 2003.

Israel is also generally understood to have nuclear weapons,[3][4][5][6][7] but does not acknowledge it, maintaining a policy of deliberate ambiguity.[8] Israel is estimated to possess somewhere between 75 and 400 nuclear warheads.[9][10] One possible motivation for nuclear ambiguity is deterrence with minimum political cost.[11][12]

Map of nuclear-armed states of the world
NPT-designated nuclear weapon states (China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States)
Other states with nuclear weapons (India, North Korea, Pakistan)
Other states presumed to have nuclear weapons (Israel)
NATO or CSTO member nuclear weapons sharing states (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Turkey, Belarus)
States formerly possessing nuclear weapons (Kazakhstan, South Africa, Ukraine)

Overview of nuclear states and their capacities

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#

 

[ST1976]

Southeast Asia’s Newly Industrialized Countries (NIC) and China​

One of the economic commonality between Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines is, all four are grouped under the term Newly Industrialized Country (NIC). Since the 1970s and 1980s, and on a more growing basis since the 1990s, these Southeast Asian nations have experienced robust growth which helped economists to differentiate them from other developing world nations.​

But unlike other geographical regions, Southeast Asia has more NICs than others. One major explanation could be the presence of China and the influence it exerts over the nations in its periphery. China began a process of capitalization in the eighties and the growth of the regional economic powerhouse has pulled up new NICs in peripheral Southeast countries. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), along with Chinese premier Xi Jinping’s 2021 announcement to guide China towards ‘Moderately Developed Nation’ by 2035 means Southeast Asia’s NICs are looking for a more intense Chinese involvement in economic ground.

What is NIC​

Popularized in the 1960s and 1970s, the term NIC referred to Four Asian Tigers: Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong. Basically, a NIC economy is understood as successfully transitioning from agricultural to one more dependent on manufacturing and service industries. Today, India, China, Turkey, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa, and the aforementioned four states are grouped under this category. People in NICs enjoy better living conditions, transport, education and other facilities than the developing world. NICs are not developed nations, but on the way to achieve the status. Some consider Argentina and Russia to be NICs too.

China and Southeast Asia’s economy​

Under Xi’s leadership, China has stated their goal to become a highly developed manufacturing hub by 2035. China, itself a NIC, aims to reach the developed stage. Southeast Asia fits well in this plan thanks to its population, abundant natural resources, a well established industrial sector along with powerful Chinese Bamboo networks. New investments from Asia Infrastructure Development Bank (AIDB), access to a large market of approximately 30 percent of the world population made Southeast Asia a focal point of China’s next stage development. 76.6 percent of Chinese foreign investments in 2020 have been in Southeast Asia. Much of this capital has gone to infrastructure projects. Other sectors of economic involvement are palm oil, machinery and auto industry, apparel, pharmaceuticals, electronic products, mining and timber.

The Major Southeast Asian economies are very well integrated with the Chinese one. Bilateral trade among ASEAN countries and China in 2019 stood at 641.5 billion USD. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, only the Chinese economy among major economies registered positive growth. Neighboring Southeast Asians however, was tremendously hit. Tourism literally paused, export of consumer goods and raw materials diminished, and the crisis of vaccines made the situation worse.

China perfectly used the situation by providing vaccines in time. Indonesia received 1.3 million shots, while Philippines received 6 lakh, and Thailand 2 lakh respectively. Indonesian company Bio Farma even produces Chinese vaccines at home. However, it will be wrong to assume Chinese involvement only started with the pandemic. As its closest neighbor, Southeast Asia’s economy has always been closely connected with the Chinese one. Since the late 1980s, China’s growth also helped Southeast Asia to rise from a mere agricultural impoverished nation.

ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) has increased massive Chinese investment in Southeast Asia’s largest economy: Indonesia. China is Indonesia’s largest import and export partner. It is also among the top 3 donors of foreign aid to the country and is involved in numerous medium to multibillion dollar projects. In 2020 alone, Indonesian exports to China amounted to 31.78 billion. Thailand, another major regional power, has always held amicable economic relations with China in recent years. After the 2014 and 2020 clashes among military and civil politicians, Thailand has been extremely wary of Western states. China meanwhile has invested millions to develop Thai-China connectivity. Both countries’ trade amounted to an estimated 98 billion USD in the 2020s. Philippines-China trade relations have been growing at more than 17% percent in the 2014-2019 period.

Bilateral trade volume amounts to 50 billion USD. Chinese technologies have boosted Filipino agricultural productions. The archipelago, the Luzon area serves China’s interest to safeguard the busy South China trading route. Despite occasional strife over small atolls and islands in the region, Chinese development has certainly brought the Filipino economy closer to integration than ever . China is the second biggest foreign investor there, trailing Singapore.

The 15 member Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) shows China’s interest to promote an Asia-centric free trade market. All the Southeast Asian NICs joined the RCEP, alongside many pacific and Oceania states. Signed in November 2020, RCEP has the potential to boost Southeast Asian economies. Another Chinese influence in the South China Sea and adjacent states is their relentless pursuit of access to the Indian Ocean. The Strait of Malacca and South China Sea is responsible for 1/3 of world’s shipping trade, worth 3 trillion USD per year. In a 2003 speech in Indonesian Parliament, Chinese premier Xi Jinping affirmed his promise of a maritime silk road, connecting Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur and port of Singapore with its booming industry.

The great bamboo network​

Since ancient times, especially after the end of the Chinese civil war, millions of Chinese families fled to Southeast Asian nations. Chinese community’s percentage is just about 10 percent of the Southeast Asian population. In the Philippines, their number is 1.3 million. They comprise 3.3% of Indonesian population, 14% of Thailand population, and 22% of Malaysia’s population. However The Bamboo Network played a vital role in the rise of China as they were the main investors in Xiaoping’s new China. Through a system of small to large family run, clan based business systems, Chinese communities quickly became the dominant driving force in the region.

Their successes in businesses, fluid capital accumulation and efficient distribution systems spanning across Eastern Pacific and mainland China made them dominant stakeholders in the political and economic sectors. More than 80 percent of Southeast Asia’s billionaires are ethnic Chinese. Chinese communities hold a significant percentage in ownership of companies, capital stock, banks, conglomerates, foreign money reserves, and businesses in Southeast NICs.

These Chinese entrepreneurs have extensive ties with their ancestral mainland. China’s new economic drive certainly aims to use this business-bureaucratic model for closer integration with Southeast states. Much of the Chinese contracts or investment in Southeast Asian countries goes to the companies owned by ethnic Chinese. China’s new economic drive will strengthen these local communities in NIC economies.

Problems of dealing with China​

Despite the heavy influence of Chinese capital, many in Southeast’s NICs are skeptical about China’s involvement. Accusations of bribery, opaque loans, and loan shark tactics are not uncommon with the Chinese investment. China has been accused of using currency devaluing strategy, often driving native Southeast Asian industries out of the market.

Some argue that China’s growing influence will make ASEAN powerhouses towards a China centric economy, rendering independent economic decision making difficult. The loans with extremely high interest rates pressured the Sri Lankan government to give away Hambantota port to China for a long lease. China has quite often tried to pressurize countries like Pakistan and Myanmar with its port and road projects and to receive loans. Now, many fears, the growth of Chinese investment, along with a massive flush of Chinese currency to the hands of Southeast Asia’s Chinese community will make it difficult for ASEAN leadership to choose an independent path of economic prosperity.

Southeast Asia’s Newly Industrialized Countries (NIC) and China - ICE Business Times​

One of the economic commonality between Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines is, all four are grouped under the term Newly Industrialized Country (NIC). Since the 1970s and 1980s, and on a more growing basis since the 1990s, these Southeast Asian nations have experienced robust...

ibtbd.net

 

[ST1976]

List of countries by GDP (PPP)​

List of countries by GDP (PPP) - Wikipedia​

en.wikipedia.org

 

[ST1976]

I doubt the source and methodology used to establish the new NIC list. I just don’t see how Thailand or Mexico could be more industrialized than Poland or even Romania, Hungary. Also what about places like Chile?

you see Chinese engineers helping projects in Pakistan and in ASEAN, have you ever heard Chinese helping India or Russia ?

there are only '4' industrialized nation. here it worth saying, France with 60mil people can't build Rafale by their own, its the US. as, EU is itself nothing, similar to ASEAN.....

while US? how much 'boties' Hindus threw to US's people, is the only industrialization of US. :usflag:

List of ethnic groups in the United States by household income - Wikipedia​

en.wikipedia.org

with other 3 are India, China and the Russia. only '4' industrialized nations this world has, which includes the US also....
.

 

[ST1976]

This thread is so stupid.

How can BRICS challenge the West as long as China and India are enemies?

Kick out India for Pakistan in BRICS

no mate, India-China more co-operate with each others.
also, we have Russia in middle who share information between India & China....
with help of allies like Russia- Iran, India and China are having more a sense of 'together'

 

[ST1976]

India’s ultra wealthy population to grow by 58.4% in next five years, Knight Frank​

India’s ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNWI) with net worth over $30 million is estimated to rise by 58.4% in the next five years to 19,119 individuals in 2027 from 12,069 in 2022. India’s billionaire population is expected to move up to 195 individuals in 2027 from 161 individuals in 2022, showed a Knight Frank India report.

India’s ultra wealthy population to grow by 58.4% in next five years, Knight Frank​

The Knight Frank India report estimates that the number of ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNWIs) in India will rise by 58.4% in the next five years to 19,119 individuals in 2027 from 12,069 in 2022. The Indian high-net-worth-individual (HNI) population, with asset value of $1 million and...

economictimes.indiatimes.com
.

 

[ST1976]

Jul 09, 2023

The middle class is the fastest-growing major segment of the Indian population in both percentage and absolute terms, rising at 6.3 percent per year between 1995 and 2021. It now represents 31 percent of the population and is expected to be 38 percent by 2031 and 60 percent in 2047. More than one billion Indians will make up the middle-class when India will turn 100. These are the figures from PRICE ICE 3600 surveys based on primary data.

How the middle class will play the hero in India's rise as world power​

Imagine desi companies easily growing into global biggies supported by vast domestic scale. Growing disposable incomes, along with the rise of the middle class, will make India a consumption powerhouse.

economictimes.indiatimes.com