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Tehran certainly possesses some relatively modern air defense equipment, particularly the Russian-acquired S-300 PMU2 and Tor-M1 systems, but in insufficient numbers. The air and missile defense system is not standardized, with Russian, US, Chinese, and domestic systems, which complicates logistics, interoperability, and training. The mountainous terrain, which disrupts its radar coverage, and the relative scarcity of air defense systems relative to its considerable territory present serious problems for Iran's air defenses.
Given the series of limitations outlined above, Tehran has had to concentrate its air defense coverage on selected priorities, especially its nuclear infrastructure and its capital, leaving a large number of other potential targets with less protection. Iran certainly has the potential means to inflict losses from incoming air strikes, but its integrated air defense network is neither dense enough nor advanced enough to deal with attacks from adversaries capable of conducting stealth attacks and jamming its radar, communications, ELINT (electronic intelligence), electronic warfare (EW) and capacity for cooperative engagement (CEC) systems.