Prior to the end of Ukraine’s Soviet era, there had been two units with Su-25s and a handful of Su-25UTGs for training purposes in Crimea. However, 456 Otdelnyy Shturmovoy Aviatsionnyy Polk (OShAP, Independent Attack Aviation Regiment) at Chortkiv was disbanded in the 1990s and the majority of its aircraft transferred to 299 OShAP, as it was then known, with a handful of excess airframes being exported to a few African nations.
On September 1, 2003, 299 OShAP (along with its support units) was reformed as 299 brTa. It moved to the airfield at Kulbakino, near the town of Mykolaiv, where it now resides as Ukraine’s sole ‘Frogfoot’ unit.
The M1 upgrade improved the Su-25’s night-attack capabilities. This twin-seat Su-25UBM1 maintains both training and combat roles.
’Frogfoot’ fresh
The MiGremont works at Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine, is one of the most experienced facilities for the maintenance and upgrade of Soviet-designed combat aircraft. For the Ukrainian Air Force, which embarked on a process of modernization from 2010, Zaporizhzhia is the ‘go-to’ location for all major upgrade work. Ukrainian Ministry of Defense spokesman Dmytro Gutsulyak stated recently that some 60 aircraft and helicopters would be updated this year.
In March 2010, 299 BrTa received its first three modernized Su-25s (two single-seat Su-25M1s and one Su-25UBM1). The next two aircraft, both Su-25M1s, were taken on by the unit on November 29, 2011. On September 28, 2012, the MiGremont works delivered the first Su-25M1 to receive the new ‘pixelated’ gray camouflage scheme — it was the fifth modernized Su-25M1, and the sixth upgrade in total (accounting for the two-seat Su-25UBM1). This latter aircraft, ‘06 Blue’, was handed over to the unit having been ferried from the MiGremont plant by the facility’s commander Col Vladimir Pomohaybo.
By March 2013 the pilots at Kulbakino- Mykolaiv had six Su-25M1s and one Su-25UBM1 at their disposal, and all the updated aircraft delivered after this date have received the new gray camouflage. In 2013, Bort numbers 07, 08, 38 and 40 all returned to service in upgraded form.
The M1 designation denotes that MiGremont has added its upgrade package. This makes improvements to the weapons control and navigation systems, providing for improved bomb-aiming accuracy and weapons release from an altitude three times higher (in excess of 16,000ft) as well as new attack options, such as multiple programmed attacks against a given target. Furthermore, the cockpit boasts the SN-3307 satellite navigation system, which takes data from the American NAVSTAR GPS, Russian GLONASS, and the forthcoming European Galileo system. A new radio system is installed, and a structural upgrade enables a further eight years of operational service before the next major overhaul is required.
With its drag ‘chute billowing in the exhaust, a Su-25 returns from a mission.
A pair of 299 BrTa Su-25s on a mission near their home base at Kulbakino-Mykolaiv.
he old green paint scheme of the Ukrainian Su-25 provides good cover when flying at low level and viewed from above.
As a result, the Su-25M1 can broadly employ weapons day and night and in poor weather conditions, with expanded release parameters.
Another minor modernization on the Ukrainian Su-25s is the ‘Adros’ KUB 26-50 multi-caliber flare system that has been installed on all flyable jets. This indigenous system is a more effective dispenser with larger, 50mm flares in addition to the 26mm versions. It can be used on different aircraft types, as well as helicopters, but it is highly visible on the Su-25s. The system is said to be more effective against the powerful Russian air defense network that is now located in the Donbass region.
So far, ‘Adros’ has been retrofitted after the M1 modernization work is completed. Indeed, even the sixth aircraft (‘06 Blue’ in March 2013) was still handed over minus the system, only for it to be added later.
Into battle
Ukraine’s fast jets have been engaged in combat operations in the anti-terror operation (ATO) zone since April 2014, when MiG-29 ‘Fulcrums’ and Su-27 ‘Flankers’ first saw action. The Su-25s were called upon at the end of May 2014 when they could be seen in the battle for Donets’k airport on a daily basis. They were operating from reserve bases near the front line such as Chuguyiv and Dnipropetrovs’k. During this period the Ukrainian Air Force lost one Il-76, one An-26, one An-30, two MiG-29s, one Su-24 (plus one non-combat loss) and a staggering five Su-25s (plus one non-combat loss) in the period up to the time when the Minsk II agreement was put in place, which bans the use of military aircraft over the Donbass region.
The Su-25M1s were pressed into action as the ‘Frogfoot’ variant of choice. Despite their new ability to employ weapons from altitude, the combat missions were typically flown at very low level to help mitigate against the Russian air defense systems in the region.
Today, the brigade continues to fly on a fairly regular basis and with a decent inventory. Recent combat operations have endorsed the need to maintain low-level proficiency, and regular practice of employing live weapons.
COMBAT LOSSES
July 2, 2014:
Su-25M1 ‘06 Blue’, wearing digital camouflage, was lost at Dnipropetrovs’k airport after returning from a combat mission. A technical failure was reported and the pilot, Col Oleksandr Diakiv, ejected safely.
July 16, 2014:
Su-25M1 ‘03 Blue’ was lost over Gorlovka, in the Donets’k region. According to the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense, the Su-25 was hit by a MANPADS and the pilot was forced to abandon the mission and land. The aircraft was deemed a write-off.
July 23, 2014:
Su-25M1s ‘04 Blue’ and ‘Bort 33’ were both shot down near Shakhtars’k, in the Donets’k region.
August 29, 2014:
Su-25M1 ‘08 Blue’ in digital camouflage was shot down near Starobeshevo, in the Donets’k region.
Su-25M1 ‘Blue 06’ was lost on July 2, 2014 at Dnipropetrovs’k airport after returning from a combat mission. It is shown here at Ivano- Frankivsk in September 2013.
A non-upgraded Su-25 gets a final once-over from the technicians prior to launching.
Originally published in Combat Aircraft Journal