Please elaborate on the “bunker state psyche”.
What you describe is more akin to feudal lord eating his peasant’s crops, and even more so of his most entrepreneurial peasant’s crops. Hence, why work hard. The conundrum of communist countries in the 70s and 80s.
It reminded me of two videos I watched about working life in the late soviet period, and the kinds of corruptions. Inefficiency and various kinds of thief undermined the ability of the economy to function.
Nicely bring all the “threads” to the thread where it can be most aptly be understood to culminate for a decision towards and, IMHO, the seat of actual potential change can emerge, if allowed to. The place where the strategic options of the country will be allowed to be exercised or not.
As an example, we can look at Robert Moses, the great infrastructure builder in New York for 30-40 years. When in a single day he moved the levers of power to get his win, but undermined what the people wanted.
While it may seem expedient to do it this way, it doesn’t
maximize benefit to society. A level of diffuse power and economics creates a more stable and economically prosperous society IMHO.
This is also why, I looks at how Poland came out of its Communist period and worked toward preventing the formation of oligarchies and allowed the development of SMEs as in Germany, and has created an economic model to study and learn from.
Pakistan needs to find a Nash Equilibrium, and therefore IMHO desperately needs a single party with a majority (perhaps even 2/3?), and a solid mandate to push through a vision, a vision of key economics and political reforms to create a new social contract, and attract and retain top talent. Top talent that will carry out the reforms and rapidly improve key indicators, such as lowering cost of living, and cost of dosing business, and improving business competitiveness, ease of doing business, both commercially and with dealing with government institutions for all walks of life.
Building trust with low hanging fruit projects like mass literacy through hiring more teachers (and perhaps paying parents a modest sum to both help their kids become literate as well as become literate themselves, we have a 40% illiteracy rate, so we need to help parents become literate as well), improving water quality with water treatment plants, and a massive roll out of bus based mass public transportation on regular roads, with law enforcement managing traffic, not multi-billion dollar rights of way. If PTI looks like it come become the next government, it needs to allocate or garner funds to get these kinds of projects up and running. Get the people busy in achievable projects in a year or so. Reduce under 5 mortality. Improve nutrition, improve crop yields with drip (water and nutrient directed) irrigation, with loans to farmers.
Do what is east to built trust and help the elite loosen their grip so the nation can grow and the elite can also benefit as well; grow the pie, don’t hoard it.
IMO, power should indeed be balanced/hedged/distributed by proven competencies as far as possible.
A bunker/security state is where this has been concentrated in a power for power sake rationale (using say fear of some outside entity).
So competencies outside of the power realm more often than not are rejected, squandered and left to whither. So that's what I meant by that earlier.
Every nationstate has degrees of this, but the intensities and opportunity costs vary immensely generally depending on how much of the bunker state has been systematized and entrenched. Huge natural resource per person (say energy) can bypass the raw macroeconomic pitfalls to some degree, but thats about the only route (and the wealth ends up getting concentrated internally as result too)....and its highly dependent on broader competent countries outside yours having developed the uses for this energy in the first place (and thus willing to trade their products for it etc).
Where there is no natural resource abundance, human resource is the only way out and this is what is often left underdeveloped by power concentrations who do not have the wherewithal at the resolutions needed for that (i.e harnessing more positive psyche with broader competencies in the population and the distribution and check and balance and feedback process of the less-powerful that needs to be systematized).
This can definitely visit a more industrialised country like the USSR as well in its own way like you point out if the root-flaw has been gestated and not corrected/dissipated over time due to no proper feedback and change combined with incredible fiscal resources consistently put towards military and heavy industry and incredible immoral approach to citizenry that posed political or other challenges inside (Gulags, disappearances, deliberate famines, collective exterminations, extreme security state apparatus etc).
i.e Extreme Marxism may be the largest modern day representation of it along with extreme social conservatism.
Its manifestation in the USSR (And north korea in extreme fashion to this day) is not surprising phenomenon, GOSPLAN and all.
Gorby tried to shift things too quickly and things unravelled in quick order. Long story in end but it shows the predicament.
To understand the root of where things like fascism, marxism, national socialism et al expressed themselves in the 20th century, needs a good detailed read of the 19th century, with say Karl Marx...and how materialism entrenched itself as be-all end-all within this domain and the shoddiness of the moral and logical basis used in large parts here (the old ploy of sounding smart but not giving an actual cogent structured smart reasoning)
To promote ideology that inserts powerful at any cost (the bunker state psyche) within a social setup's raison d'etre (purpose, meaning etc) to hold the maximum psychological grasp possible.
Then you have to look into Hegel at some point and what he leaves "up in the air" in his extremely flawed approach to dialectics IMO (that to me is harnessed by the powerful easily in a "trust us, we see furthest and we know whats best" by engaging in various circular psychobabble that influenced Marx, Gentile et al. downstream in their various own ways...and continue to leave an impact to this day if you have a power-class that is too insular and top-down control-freak oriented etc)
This then takes a longer journey into Plato's approach (and its flawed harnessing downstream in philosophy broadly) and the hermeticism that influenced him too. Things that need to be understood to need proper bounding, rather than left unbounded (and the easy-street for nonsensical self-referential pseudo-babble that results and the easy cover this gives to those that mean ill and/or do ill in the end in asserted loose projected ends of utopia justifying any means).
At some point there needs to be realisation things that are actually falsifiable (as Karl Popper put it) deserve more immediate priority than things that can never be proven untrue and are thus the road to dangers on the road of utopia (that exists subjectively in the mind) given the realised human coercion that has clearly resulted a number of times even in the relative "enlightened" age of progress of the last few centuries.
But that is likely offtopic to get into the weeds about for our purposes, given what concerns us today is the concentration of power that results in our current day that becomes circular self-fulfilling justification by the same powerful (that see no reason to share/distribute it in interest of aligning actual competencies that exist the most with the actual needs of society).
I think a number of psychological studies found the 90% can be beholden quite easily to the 10% as long as the 10% exert the sufficient pressure here.
Less raw number of functional angles on offer here (we the powers that be need to exist at all costs, otherwise the entirety will not exist), the more concentration of it exists for this to happen essentially.
Its a real problem, things can turn extremely anti-functional. There's no sufficient degree of appreciation for intellectualism, progress and well functioning competent institutions (all of which must be given enough space away from those that have concentrated power, that is why the most successful countries have this delineated well and consistently).
This is why I have explained to Joe and others I think the answer lies in more functional nationstates to arise, whatever their original formative ethos/inheritance. The pressures from the past and future (w.r.t retribution/vindication/redemption of the past....or extreme future utopia no matter the cost) lead to basic extreme social conservative vs extreme social liberal for example. These have manifestations and nuances in all countries at various degrees.
Mitigating all this needs the proper feedback flow and competency intersections to actually get from A to B to then be able to get to C and keep up with human ingenuity and social progress....and power made to serve this rather than being the ultimate end in of itself.
That is what I mean in the end by the bunker state. In a bunker, those with the guns have everyone convinced by the fear of whats out there....the existence is defined as a bunker. This burdens every other interaction needed to function cohesively. Bunkers are important (given human fear of other humans has objective proven reasons in past), but they must take their place in vast array of what needs to be done....in greater interests of what the whole entirety needs actually are (this needs the proper networking to be able to develop, rather than insular know-all omniscience assertion of those that have the greatest means and power)
With this praxis worldwide, one of the greatest interests ultimately hopefully expresses itself, in that the fear itself being mitigated to the largest possible extent in the collective species.
Why do you think I rank certain Pakistani members here, a select few....as made of far better stuff mentally than a much larger amount present circling in same wake of their fear driven ego? Those that "get it" versus those that really do not. Same goes for Indians I find here and other places too....and every nationality I have interacted with in enough capacity in the end.