Well, that explains PAF getting the J-31, and not waiting for KAAN.
While the J10C would be able to match the Rafales, only a 5th gen would be able to guarantee victory over a European fighter.
The J-31 will evolve/improve through experience in the field. (Electronics, comms, coatings, maintenance, tactics, etc.)the PAF will squeeze every amount of utility from the aircraft and the eco-system build around it. It’s a great program for Pakistan and China to collaborate on, at the current global standard of air power.
Improvements to the engines will be the real factor to watch for. In the mean time, Pakistan needs to make sure the air frame is capable, from the start, to be able to sustainably pull extreme maneuvers (like the airframe of the F-22, while also preserving its energy (energy management) for more maneuvers after earlier maneuvers), when those engines become available and can be retrofitted. High TWR won’t be a desire, it will be a NEED to make this jet competitive.
Imparting additional energy to missiles while flying at its service ceiling, even when super-cruising the jet could have first sight, first shot, first kill capabilities over 4th gen adversaries. TVC would help the jet maintain an advantage in ACM, should it come to a dogfight. A set of powerful engines would also allow this plane to potentially carry the powerful jamming pods from the J-16D.
We have to remember the synergy of this program and the PLAN’s J-35 program. Considering China will try to make the J-35 at least on par with the F-35 and F/A-18E/F, the J-31 will have an easier chance of being even more capable in a dogfight. Lighter landing gear, no tail hook assembly, no folding wings; lots of weight savings.
Pakistan should make sure its engineers working on the KAAN, give an input on the air frame of the J-31. Make sure it’s all it can be, and if there are any places it can be improved, those improvements should be implemented so they don’t have to be retrofitted later on.
The PAF should also be looking at the upgrades being planned for the F-22, and see how many can be implemented on the J-31.
P.S. I hope the PAF J-31 come with a gun. It may seem trivial until you need it. At the very least, if the enemy knows you have a gun they will avoid getting in close unless they are willing to dogfight; deterrence in an area PAF pilots are well trained in excelling. Hopefully also the software is down the way the Swedes do it, separate the flight critical software from the operational software, so upgrades can be implemented ASAP, such as daily on the Gripen.