IN-DEPTH: IRAN'S RECENTLY UPGRADED AH-1J COBRA FLEET
- Aviation Features
- IN-DEPTH: Iran's recently upgraded AH-1J Cobra fleet
By
Babak Taghvaee 25th August 2021
FEATURE
Operated by the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, Iran's small Bell AH-1J fleet has seen a fair share of indigenous modernization in recent years, as Babak Taghvaee explains.
Formed almost six years ago, the Army Aviation Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGCAA) today operates more than 80 helicopters including nine Bell AH-1J International Cobras, with three examples modernized by Iranian Aircraft Manufacturing Industries (IAMI). Over the past four years, the IRGCAA has been trying to equip its small fleet of AH-1Js with a new air-to-surface missile and an anti-tank missile, Qaem-114, was unveiled for the first time on July 7.
AH-1J None-Tow Cobra, 15-1402, after a combat mission against Jondollah terrorists return to Zahedan International Airport on June 16, 2009. Ahmad Mahgoli
Early days
In 2001, Brigadier General Ahmad Kazemi, the then-commander in chief of the IRGC Air Force (from 2009, it became known as the IRGC Aerospace Force, or IRGCASF), requested Ali Khamenei, leader of the Islamic Republic, to permit the IRGC to procure two former army AH-1J Cobra helicopters that had been restored by the Iranian Helicopters Support and Renewal Company (IHSRC). They belonged to the Iranian Army Aviation Force (IRIAA, as it was then known), which lacked the funds to pay for the necessary restoration and renewal of parts and fuselage sections.
The first AH-1J was a TOW Cobra capable of using the Iranian-made clone of the BGM-71A TOW anti-tank missile (Towfan), while the second helicopter was a Non-TOW version capable of using only the 2¾-inch Hydra unguided rockets. They were serialled 15-1401 and 15-1402 and received an overall olive drab and two-tone desert camouflage respectively. They entered IRGCAF service at Fat'h helicopter base, Karaj, to the west of Tehran, in 2001.
One of four Towfan-2 Cobras of IRGCAA with serial number 12-2205 can be seen armed with eight dummy Qaem-114 missiles during an unveiling ceremony on July 7, 2021. Arash Bagheri
IHSRC (called ‘Panha’ in Iran) also worked on the restoration of two more battle-damaged AH-1J TOW Cobras of Iranian Army Aviation, in a project known as Panha-2091. The front sections of their fuselages had been destroyed by cannon rounds from Iraqi tanks during the Iran-Iraq war and the extensive restoration work required manufacture of fuselage panels and structural parts. Panha engineers also co-operated with their colleagues from IAMI (also known as HESA in Iran) and designed a new canopy for the helicopters equipped with a flat, bulletproof windshield instead of the former oval, non-bulletproof version.
Under a project named Hesa-2091, both helicopters were equipped with multifunction displays and a new weapon control system with a head-up display for the pilot. Design and production of the new digital systems and their components was carried out by the Iranian Electronics Industries Company (IEI) with the assistance of Isfahan University of Technology and a Chinese-connected company, Safa Electronic Component Industries. Installation was performed by IAMI in Shahin-Shahr.
Mock-ups of Qaem-114 anti-tank missiles installed under AH1J Towfan 2 of IRGCAA, serial 12-2205, during the July 7 ceremony. Mohammad Shaltouki
These two helicopters were ultimately named Tiztak-2091 and became prototypes for a larger modernization project of 102 AH-1J Cobra attack helicopters for the Iranian Army Aviation Force. In total, the cost of the Panha-2091 and Hesa-2091 projects exceeded the whole IRIAA budget for 2001! This resulted in the cancellation of the wider modernization program a year later. Step forward the IRGC which procured the two Tiztak-2091 prototypes alongside four more former IRIAA AH-1J Non-TOW Cobra helicopters from the Iranian Defence Ministry. These were delivered between 2003 and 2005. The Tzitak-2091s received serials 15-1405 and 15-1408 while the Non-TOW Cobras were given serial numbers 15-1403, 1404, 1406 and 1407.
New force, new upgrades
After the formation of the IRGCAA on February 23, 2016, the IRGCASF helicopter base at Fat’h was transferred to the IRGCGF (IRGC Ground Force), of which the IRGCAA was now a part. The AH-1Js of the IRGCASF now in IRGCAA service received new standard serial numbers, 12-2201 to 12-2208. Both Tiztak-2021s were given a new brown-green two-tone to replace their overall olive-drab camouflage after overhaul at IAMI’s Shahin-Shahr facility in 2017 and 2019.
AH-1J Towfam-2 of IRGCAA with serial 12-2208 and equipped with a RU- 290 thermal camera seen at Zahedan International Airport. Ahmad Mahgoli
The IRGCAA immediately began working on upgrade projects to increase combat capability of the small but busy fleet of IRGCAA Cobra helicopters. Both Tiztak helicopters had been equipped with new targeting/surveillance turrets instead of their M-65 Telescopic Sight Units under a IAMI project named Towfan-2 back in 2012. The first helicopters, 15-1405 and 15-1408, were equipped with the Oqab EO/IR targeting turret produced by IOI (Iranian Optics Industries) in 2012, while 15-1407, now with serial 12-2208, received an RU-290 thermal camera, a product of Rayan Roshd-Afzar.
In March 2016, the IRGC contracted an aviation-based technologies developer named Tose’e Fannavaran Havapayeh, a subsidiary of Iranian Aircraft Industries (IACI), to help the Self-Sufficency and Industrial Research branch of the IRGCAA in design and development of new air-toground anti-tank missiles to replace the Towfan or Iranian clone of the BGM-71A TOW anti-tank missile. The armaments department of the company worked on a project to convert several Iranian copies of AIM-9J Sidewinder IR-guided missiles called Fater into an air-to-surface missile called Azarakhsh, equipped with TV and IR sensors. The new missile was unveiled on February 28, 2018.
AH-1J Towfan 2 with serial number 15- 1408 seen inside an IRGCGF garrison in an exhibition in Tehran in May 2013. Babak Taghvaee
Later that year, Project Azarakhsh was abandoned by the IRGCAA for reasons that are not known. Instead, the IRGCAA began investing in a new project of the company to design and develop another anti-tank missile, to be called Qaem-114. The new missile bore an exact resemblance to the AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missile. Each AH-1J was capable of carrying a maximum of eight compared with only two of the Azarakhsh.
In addition, the Bell 214A Isfahan utility helicopters of IRGCAA Qaem-114 are being equipped with EO/IR targeting systems and missile pylons to be capable of using the new missile which was officially unveiled for the first time by IRGC Ground Force at its HQ east of Tehran on July 7, 2021.
This AH-1J Towfan 2 is seen in Shahin- Shaahar during its unveiling ceremony on January 1, 2013. It was still in IRGCASF colors and with serial number 15-1408. Ali Naderi